What it is & general benefits

Zinc is an essential trace mineral involved in hundreds of enzymes that control cell growth,
DNA and protein synthesis, antioxidant defence and immune function. It helps maintain healthy
skin and mucosal barriers, supports wound healing and contributes to normal taste, smell and
reproductive health. Most adults need only small daily amounts, but a steady, reliable intake
is important because the body does not store large zinc reserves.

Why we use it in this formula

In the MILK THISTLE 28-IN-1 POTENT BLEND, zinc (as zinc oxide) is included as a core
“enzyme cofactor” for liver and metabolic support. It helps the liver run many
detoxification-related enzymes, backs antioxidant systems such as superoxide dismutase and
supports immune balance in and around the gut–liver axis. Together with milk thistle and the
other botanicals, zinc provides a compact, daily foundation for normal liver function,
cellular protection and overall resilience, without relying on megadose levels.

References

1. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. Zinc Fact Sheet for Health Professionals.

2. Roohani N et al. Zinc and its importance for human health. J Res Med Sci. 2013.

3. Maares M, Haase H. Zinc as a nutrient in liver, immunity and antioxidant defence.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020.

What it is & general benefits

This 10:1 seed extract of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) concentrates the
silymarin complex – a group of flavonolignans (including silybin) known for strong
antioxidant and liver-protective activity. Standardised milk thistle extracts are among the
most widely used botanicals for liver support and have been studied for helping to stabilise
liver cell membranes, support glutathione levels and promote normal detoxification and bile
flow. Overall, they are considered safe at typical supplemental doses and are commonly used
for general liver health support in adults.

Why we use it in this formula

In the MILK THISTLE 28-IN-1 POTENT BLEND, milk thistle seed 10:1 extract is the central
“hero” herb. Its role is to provide focused liver-cell and antioxidant support while the
other vitamins, minerals and botanicals build out the wider detox and metabolic network. The
concentrated 10:1 extract allows meaningful silymarin activity in a compact capsule, aiming to
support everyday liver resilience, protection from routine oxidative stress and more
comfortable processing of modern lifestyle loads, rather than to replace medical treatment
for any liver disease.

References

1. Clinical studies of standardised silymarin-rich milk thistle extracts in adults with
liver-related concerns.

2. Reviews on antioxidant and membrane-stabilising actions of the silymarin complex.

3. Safety overviews of long-term milk thistle supplementation for general liver support.

What it is & general benefits

The Liver Health Blend is a 350 mg combination of herbs, amino acids and key nutrients
chosen to support the liver’s daily workload. Turmeric, ginger, garlic, licorice, burdock,
yellow dock, chicory, astragalus, yarrow, jujube, celery seed, grape seed and red clover
contribute bitter and polyphenol-rich compounds that help buffer oxidative stress and support
healthy bile flow and digestion. Choline, L-methionine and NAC provide methyl and sulfur
donors that the body uses in phase II detoxification and glutathione production, while
berberine and TUDCA are included for additional support of a healthy gut–liver axis and bile
metabolism. Adaptogenic plants such as Panax ginseng and alfalfa help the body cope with
everyday metabolic and inflammatory load rather than acting as stimulants.

Why we use it in this formula

In the MILK THISTLE 28-IN-1 POTENT BLEND, this Liver Health Blend is designed as the
“supporting cast” around milk thistle. While milk thistle focuses on liver cell protection,
this 18-ingredient complex helps create a more favourable internal environment: promoting
comfortable fat and bile handling, backing the body’s own antioxidant and detox pathways and
supporting digestion and metabolic balance. The total dose is intended for steady, daily
background support of liver resilience and whole-body wellness, not as a stand-alone
treatment for any diagnosed liver condition.

References

1. Reviews on traditional liver-support herbs (turmeric, ginger, licorice, burdock, chicory,
astragalus, etc.) and their antioxidant / bile-flow actions.

2. Overviews of choline, methionine and NAC as methyl / sulfur donors in hepatic
detoxification and glutathione pathways.

3. Summaries of berberine and TUDCA as complementary support for gut–liver and bile-acid
metabolism.

What it is & general benefits

This 10:1 root extract of beet (Beta vulgaris) concentrates the natural pigments
(betalains), nitrates and polyphenols found in whole beetroot. These compounds have been
studied for supporting healthy blood flow and blood pressure, exercise performance and
antioxidant capacity by helping the body generate nitric oxide and by neutralising reactive
oxygen species. Beetroot preparations are commonly used as a food-based way to back vascular
and metabolic health rather than as a drug.

Why we use it in this formula

In the MILK THISTLE 28-IN-1 POTENT BLEND, beetroot extract is included as a colourful
“circulation and antioxidant” partner to milk thistle and the Liver Health Blend. Its role is
to support blood flow to liver and muscle tissues and to add extra antioxidant capacity in
the gut–liver–vascular axis, helping the body handle everyday oxidative and metabolic load.
The 10:1 extract allows meaningful beetroot activity in a compact dose as part of a daily
liver-support routine, not as a stand-alone treatment for any liver or heart condition.

References

1. Human studies on beetroot juice and supplements for nitric-oxide production and blood-flow support.

2. Reviews describing beetroot betalain pigments as dietary antioxidants.

3. Overviews discussing beetroot’s potential roles in cardiometabolic and liver-support nutrition.

What it is & general benefits

This 10:1 plant extract of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) concentrates the active
compounds from the leaves and aerial parts that are naturally rich in caffeoylquinic acids
(such as cynarin) and flavonoids. Traditionally used as a “bitter” for digestion, artichoke
extract has been studied for supporting healthy bile flow, gentle reductions in blood lipids,
and protection of liver cells from everyday oxidative and metabolic stress. Human trials with
standardised artichoke extracts generally show modest improvements in digestive comfort,
liver enzyme profiles and cholesterol markers in adults when used regularly.

Why we use it in this formula

In the MILK THISTLE 28-IN-1 POTENT BLEND, artichoke 10:1 extract plays the role of a
“bile-flow and digestion” partner to milk thistle. Its job is to help the liver handle fats
and bile more comfortably, support mild lipid balance and add extra antioxidant protection
along the gut–liver axis. Together with beetroot, the Liver Health Blend and core nutrients
like zinc and choline, it contributes to a more complete daily liver-support system aimed at
resilience and comfort, not at replacing medical care for any liver disease.

References

1. Clinical studies of standardised artichoke leaf extracts on liver enzymes and blood lipids.

2. Reviews on Cynara scolymus as a traditional cholagogue and hepatoprotective herb.

3. Experimental work describing antioxidant and bile-supportive effects of artichoke polyphenols.

What it is & general benefits

This 10:1 plant extract of chanca piedra (Phyllanthus niruri) concentrates the
bitter lignans, flavonoids and other phytochemicals traditionally used in South American and
Asian herbal medicine. The plant’s nickname “stone breaker” comes from its historical use for
urinary and biliary comfort. Modern experimental and small clinical studies suggest that
preparations of P. niruri can support healthy urine flow, help maintain a balanced
urinary mineral environment and provide antioxidant, liver-protective activity, although
large long-term human trials are still limited and it should not be viewed as a stand-alone
treatment for kidney or gallstones.

Why we use it in this formula

In the MILK THISTLE 28-IN-1 POTENT BLEND, chanca piedra is included as a plant that links the
liver and urinary sides of detox. Its role is to gently support bile and urine flow, add
extra antioxidant protection along the gut–liver–kidney axis and help the body handle daily
fluid and mineral loads more comfortably. Combined with milk thistle, artichoke, beetroot and
the Liver Health Blend, it contributes to a broader network of nutrients aimed at everyday
organ resilience and comfort, not at replacing medical care for any liver, kidney or gallbladder
disease.

References

1. Traditional ethnobotanical use of Phyllanthus niruri for urinary and liver support.

2. Experimental studies describing antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of
P. niruri extracts.

3. Small clinical trials exploring P. niruri preparations in urinary stone–related
discomfort and urinary parameters.

What it is & general benefits

This 10:1 plant extract of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) concentrates the bitter
terpenes, flavonoids and inulin-type fibers found in the whole herb. Traditionally used as a
“spring tonic,” dandelion has been studied for gentle support of bile flow, digestive comfort
and natural fluid balance. Its bitter compounds can stimulate digestion, while its
polyphenols and inulin contribute mild antioxidant and prebiotic effects along the
gut–liver–kidney axis.

Why we use it in this formula

In the MILK THISTLE 28-IN-1 POTENT BLEND, dandelion 10:1 extract is included as a
“drainage and digestion” partner to milk thistle. Its role is to help the body move bile and
fluids more comfortably, support everyday detox and regularity, and add background antioxidant
and prebiotic support. Together with beetroot, artichoke, chanca piedra and the Liver Health
Blend, it helps create a broader, food-like environment that supports daily liver resilience,
rather than acting as a strong drug for liver or kidney disease.

References

1. Traditional and modern monographs describing dandelion as a digestive, liver and kidney tonic.

2. Experimental studies on Taraxacum officinale extracts and bile flow, diuretic and antioxidant effects.

3. Reviews summarising the phytochemistry (bitters, flavonoids, inulin) and safety of dandelion preparations.

What it is & general benefits

This 4:1 fruit extract of black pepper (Piper nigrum) concentrates the spicy
alkaloid piperine together with aromatic oils from the peppercorn. Piperine is best known for
its ability to enhance the absorption of certain nutrients and plant compounds by influencing
digestive enzymes and intestinal transporters. Black pepper extracts also provide mild
antioxidant and inflammation-modulating activity and have a long history of traditional use
to support appetite and digestion rather than acting as a strong stimulant.

Why we use it in this formula

In the MILK THISTLE 28-IN-1 POTENT BLEND, black pepper 4:1 extract is included mainly as a
“bioavailability helper” for key botanicals such as milk thistle, artichoke, turmeric and the
Liver Health Blend. Its role is to help the body make better use of these actives and to add
a small extra layer of digestive and antioxidant support along the gut–liver axis. The dose
is kept modest so it gently amplifies the overall formula without functioning as a high-dose
piperine supplement on its own.

References

1. Peer-reviewed reviews on piperine and nutrient / phytochemical bioavailability.

2. Experimental and clinical data on black pepper extracts and digestive support.

3. Articles discussing black pepper’s antioxidant and inflammation-modulating properties in humans.